Soil & Water Res., 2023, 18(3):139-157 | DOI: 10.17221/58/2023-SWR

Psychoactive substances in soils, plants, freshwater and fish: A mini reviewReview

Kateřina Vejvodová1*, Radka Kodešová1, Pavel Horký2, Luboš Borůvka1, Pavel Tlustoš3
1 Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
2 Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
3 Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

This review focuses on the behaviour of four psychoactive compounds (carbamazepine, tramadol, sertraline and citalopram) in the environment. The review presents how they may directly affect freshwater systems, soils and living organisms and to which extent. The transformation of these very stable compounds in soils were controlled by oxidation, demethylation, decarboxylation and hydroxylation. Sorption to organic matter and clay particles controlled their mobility. Despite their expected sorption in soils, sediments and sludge, all compounds can be taken up by plants and by fish. In plants, all compounds and several of their metabolites were found in the leaves, indicating the mobility and transformation of the compounds within the plant systems. Factors that control the compounds mobility in plants were found to be the pH of soils and the xylem flow. As for fish, many of the compounds were found in the brain and muscles of fish, some of which, depending on the species, affected the behaviour of the fish. The implications of these compounds so widely present in the environment indicate the need for certain measures to be put into place to prevent these compounds from continuously entering plant and animal systems.

Keywords: dissipation; fish intake metabolites; pharmaceuticals; plant uptake; sorption

Received: June 16, 2023; Revised: June 22, 2023; Accepted: June 23, 2023; Prepublished online: June 26, 2023; Published: August 31, 2023  Show citation

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Vejvodová K, Kodešová R, Horký P, Borůvka L, Tlustoš P. Psychoactive substances in soils, plants, freshwater and fish: A mini review. Soil & Water Res. 2023;18(3):139-157. doi: 10.17221/58/2023-SWR.
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