Soil & Water Res., 2009, 4(1):10-16 | DOI: 10.17221/31/2008-SWR
Assessment of transport risk of cadmium and lead on the basis of immobilisation capability of soilOriginal Paper
- 1 Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
- 2 Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovak Republic
The objective of this paper is the ambition to elaborate a system of evaluating the potential transport risk of inorganic risk elements, cadmium and lead, and of creating maps of the soil potential for the immobilisation of these risk elements. The categorisation of the potential immobilisation of cadmium and lead was realised on the basis of two layers, the layer of metal concentration (Cd or Pb) and the layer of potential soil sorption. The level of metal concentration was evaluated according to the Slovak Soil Law. The potential soil sorption (PSS) of cadmium and lead is defined by qualitative parameters (soil reaction - pH value, optical parameter of humus quality - Q46) and quantitative factors (Corg, H - depth of humus horizon) and was evaluated according to the Eq.: [PSS] = F(pH) + F(Q46) + F(Corg) × F(H). On the basis of this rating, maps of categorisation of cadmium and lead potential immobilisation were created. These maps of the soil immobilisation potential show the distribution into five categories of Cd and Pb potential immobilisation.
Keywords: inorganic contaminants; cadmium; lead; contamination; immobilisation; soil properties
Published: March 31, 2009 Show citation
References
- Barančíková G., Makovníková J. (2003): The influence of soil humic acid quality on sorption and mobility of heavy metals. Plant Soil and Environment, 49: 565-571.
Go to original source... - Blume H.P., Brummer G. (1991): Prediction of heavy metal behaviour in soils by means of simple field tests. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety, 22: 164-174. Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Borůvka L., Drábek O. (2004): Heavy metals distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils. Plant Soil and Environment, 50: 339-345. Go to original source...
- Čurlík J., Šefčík P. (1999): Geochemical Atlas of Slovak Republic. Part V.: Soils. MŽP SR, Bratislava.
- Donisa C., Mocanu R., Steinnes E. (2003): Distribution of some major and minor elements between fulvic and humic fractions in natural soils. Geoderma, 111: 75-84. Go to original source...
- Hansen H.Chr.B., Kobza J., Schmidt R., Szakál P., Borgaard O.K., Holm P.E., Kanianska R., Bognarova S., Makovníková J., Matúšková L., Mičuda R., Styk J. (2001): Environmental Soil Chemistry. MBU Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
- Kobza J. (1999): Legenda k pôdnej mape SR v mierke 1:400 000 (Stručné vysvetlivky konštituovaných pôdnych asociácií). VUPOP, Bratislava.
- Makovníková J. (2001): Distribution of Cd and Pb in main soil types of Slovakia. Agriculture, 47: 903-912.
- Makovníková J., Barančíková G., Pálka B. (2007): Approach to the assessment of transport risk of inorganic pollutants based on the immobilisation capability of soil. Plant Soil and Environment, 53: 365-373. Go to original source...
- Naidu et al. (1996): Contaminants and soil environment in the Australia-Pacific region. In: Proc. 1st AustraliaPacific Conf. Contaminants and Soil Environment in the Australia-Pacific Region. February 18-23, Adelaide.
- Yong R.N., Mohamed A.M.O., Warkentin B.P. (1992): Principles of Contaminant Transport in Soils. Elsevier, London.
- Zeien H., Brummer G.W. (1989): Chemische Extractionen zur Bestimmung von Schwermetallbindungsformen in Boden. Mitteilungen Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 59: 505-510.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.