Soil and Water Research, 2015 (vol. 10), issue 3
Choosing an appropriate hydrological model for rainfall-runoff extremes in small catchmentsOriginal Paper
Pavel Kovář, Michaela Hrabalíková, Martin Neruda, Roman Neruda, Jan Šrejber, Andrea Jelínková, Hana Bačinová
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):137-146 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2015-SWR 
Real and scenario prognosis in engineering hydrology often involves using simulation techniques of mathematical modelling the rainfall-runoff processes in small catchments. These catchments are often up to 50 km2 in area, their character is torrential, and the type of water flow is super-critical. Many of them are ungauged. The damage in the catchments is enormous, and the length of the torrents is about 23% of the total length of small rivers in the Czech Republic. The Smědá experimental mountainous catchment (with the Bílý potok downstream gauge) in the Jizerské hory Mts. was chosen as a model area for simulating extreme rainfall-runoff...
Water stability of soil aggregates in different systems of tillageOriginal Paper
Jaroslava BARTLOVÁ, Barbora BADALÍKOVÁ, Lubica POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Eduard POKORNÝ, Bořivoj ŠARAPATKA
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):147-154 | DOI: 10.17221/132/2014-SWR
The influence of various agrotechnical measures on macrostructural changes in topsoil and subsoil was studied in the course of a four-year experiment. Macrostructure was evaluated according to the ability of soil aggregate to resist degradation. Three variants of soil tillage were established: ploughing to a depth of 0.22 m, reduced tillage (subsoiling to 0.35-0.40 m, and shallow disking of soil to a depth of 0.15 m). For observation, three locations were chosen in various production areas of the Czech Republic with differing soil and climatic conditions. In these locations crops were grown under the same crop rotation: rapeseed (Brassica napus...
Rapid percolation of water through soil macropores affects reading and calibration of large encapsulated TDR sensorsOriginal Paper
František DOLEŽAL, Svatopluk MATULA, João Manuel MOREIRA BARRADAS
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):155-163 | DOI: 10.17221/177/2014-SWR
The electromagnetic soil water content sensors are invaluable tools because of their selective sensitivity to water, versatility, ease of automation and large resolution. A common drawback of most their types is their preferential sensitivity to water near to their surfaces. The ways in which the drawback manifests itself were explored for the case of large Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensors Aqua-Tel-TDR (Automata, Inc., now McCrometer CONNECT). Their field performance was investigated and compared with the results of field and laboratory calibration. The field soil was loamy Chernozem on a carbonate-rich loess substrate, while the laboratory...
Evaluation of different soil water potential by field capacity threshold in combination with a triggered irrigation moduleOriginal Paper
Monika MARKOVIĆ, Vilim FILIPOVIĆ, Tarzan LEGOVIĆ, Marko JOSIPOVIĆ, Vjekoslav TADIĆ
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):164-171 | DOI: 10.17221/189/2014-SWR
Irrigation efficiency improvement requires optimization of its parameters like irrigation scheduling, threshold and amount of water usage. If these parameters are not satisfactorily optimized, negative consequences for the plant-soil system can occur with decreased yield and hence economic viability of the agricultural production. Numerical modelling represents an efficient, i.e. simple and fast method for optimizing and testing different irrigation scenarios. In this study HYDRUS-1D model assuming single- and dual-porosity systems was used to evaluate a triggered irrigation module for irrigation scheduling in maize/soybean cropping trials. Irrigation...
Study of interactions between relevant organic acids and aluminium in model solutions using HPLC and ICOriginal Paper
Ondřej DRÁBEK, Isaac KIPKOECH KIPLAGAT, Michael KOMÁREK, Václav TEJNECKÝ, Luboš BORŮVKA
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):172-180 | DOI: 10.17221/256/2014-SWR
The interactions of different organic acids such as citric, malic, oxalic, and fulvic with aluminium were studied using ion-exchange chromatography (IC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experiments were carried out at low pH (1.5-3.1). The results of IC experiments on the interaction between Al and oxalate, citrate, and malate were compared with model chemical equilibrium calculations. The strongest effect on Al speciation was observed with oxalic acid and fulvic acid. These two ligands formed more than one type of complex with Al. In contrast, there was no significant effect of malic acid on Al speciation and a rather weak effect...
Using basalt flour and brown algae to improve biological properties of soil contaminated with cadmiumOriginal Paper
Magdalena ZABOROWSKA, Jan KUCHARSKI, Jadwiga WYSZKOWSKA
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):181-188 | DOI: 10.17221/281/2014-SWR
In order to achieve homeostasis of soil, the potential of alleviating substances (two innovative: basalt flour and brown algae extract against two classic compounds: barley straw and compost) were analyzed in soil contaminated with cadmium. The studies thus determined the activity of urease, number of ammonification bacteria, nitrogen-immobilizing bacteria, Arthrobacter sp., Azotobacter sp., and spring barley yield. The analyzed parameters were presented as the following indices: RS - resistance of soil; EF - fertilization effect of an alleviating substance; and R:S - rhizosphere effect. Cadmium was applied as CdCl2∙2.5H2O...
Land use changes and sediment yield on a hilly watershed in Central-East ArgentinaOriginal Paper
María Isabel DELGADO, Fernanda Julia GASPARI, Eduardo Emilio KRUSE
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):189-197 | DOI: 10.17221/49/2014-SWR
Watershed management strategies need suitable techniques to be available in order to quantify sediment yield, among other relevant issues. The aim of this work was to estimate the sediment yield on a hilly watershed, for two different land use scenarios (years 1966 and 2011) and rainfall events (106 mm and 65.5 mm). The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to estimate the sediment yield produced by a single rainfall on the watershed of the Belisario Creek, placed south-west of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The information was processed using the Geographic Information System Idrisi Taiga®. Modelling the 45-year distant...
Effects of soil cover and protective measures on reducing runoff and soil loss under artificial rainfallOriginal Paper
Yan ZHANG, Mingming FENG, Jianying YANG, Tingning ZHAO, Hailong WU, Changqing SHI, Yi SHEN
Soil & Water Res., 2015, 10(3):198-205 | DOI: 10.17221/137/2014-SWR
The hazards from wind, sand, and soil erosion caused by human activities, such as residue slopes in abandoned urban mines, have resulted in a vicious circle of environmental degradation. Selecting the optimal protective engineering method in mountainous areas has become a major difficulty in recent years, and the primary goal of our research is to accelerate the process of ecosystem reconstruction to maintain water and soil quality. In this study, cover soil of 10, 20, and 30 cm in depth was spread on the 30° accumulation slopes composed of loose residue from the Huangyuan Quarry, Beijing, and combined with two protection measures: eco-bags and bamboo...